vocabulary midterm

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tarnished
kezdjen tanulni
lost polishing, darker layer, discolored
to splutter
kezdjen tanulni
to cough (machine, engine) The engine gave one last splutter and died.
in tatters
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torn to pieces
ingrained
kezdjen tanulni
deep, fixed, born with, become part of He has deeply ingrained respect for women.
creased
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marks from folding/crumbling He wore trousers with sharp creases.
jaded
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without energy/interest What happened? You look jaded today.
mangled
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very badly injured/squeezed flat/empty The car was mangled beyond recognition.
marked
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damage by sth solid
rustle
kezdjen tanulni
soft sound of leaves in breeze
plop
kezdjen tanulni
sth dropped into the liquid The stone fell into the water with a soft plop.
crackle
kezdjen tanulni
sound of breaking (sparks, in fire) He heard logs crackling in the fireplace.
squeal
squeak
kezdjen tanulni
sound of little pigs
mice
patter
kezdjen tanulni
repeated light tapping sound The rain pattered against the window.
crescent-shaped
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kształt półksiężyca, rożka
conical /cone
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stożkowy
a oblong
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a rectangular shape with unequal next sides
convex
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wypukły, shaped like a outside of a circle
rectangular
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prostokątny
concave
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wklęsły, hollow and curved, shaped like a interior of acircle
semi-circular/ half-moon shaped
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półkolisty
cylindrical
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log shaped
novelty
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nowość
bonanza
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żyła złota
marvel
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cud/zdziwienie
perpendicular
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pionowy/prostopadły
oblique
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ukośna /
slanting down
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in a sloping/oblique direction
a sloping line
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inclined from horizontal or vertical line
a crooked line
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bent, twisted out of shape
a jagged edge
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with rough, sharp points protruding
a steep hill
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strome wzgórze
rolling hills
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pofalowane wzgórza
undulating countryside
kezdjen tanulni
falsity krajobraz
weighty
kezdjen tanulni
abstract & physical things/idea of serioussness - a weighty tome, issue
unwieldy
kezdjen tanulni
ab & ph / difficult to handle - unwieldy system/ unwieldy object (box), procedure, suitcase
cumbersome
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machines/equipment/system/structures - a cumbersome weapon/process
burdensome
kezdjen tanulni
abstract things - a burdensome duty
ponderous
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slow & clumsy because of the weight/dull and excessively serious abstract - a ponderous style, a ponderous thesis/tone/narrative
lumbering
kezdjen tanulni
physical things, „heavy movement” - a lumbering truck, a lumbering bear/vehicle
weighed down
She is weighed down with problems/I hate being weighed down with suitcases when I travel.
kezdjen tanulni
carrying heavy things/problems
to weigh up (alternatives)
We need to weigh up the alternatives before we make the decision.
kezdjen tanulni
to compare and consider
to weigh out
You need to weigh out a kilo of nuts.
kezdjen tanulni
weigh a quantity of loose goods
weighing on me - troubling my mind
kezdjen tanulni
The memory of what happened that night was weighing one me for years.
weighed in (arguments) - to add more points to the argument
kezdjen tanulni
We almost made a decision, but then she weighed in some new informations.
sift
kezdjen tanulni
shake it in a sieve to separate the grains You need to sift the flour into a bowl.
lumpy
kezdjen tanulni
have solid pieces in it I couldn’t sleep because the mattress was so lumpy.
impervious
He wasn’t even upset when she called him stupid, he’s impervious to insults.
kezdjen tanulni
liquid cannot pass through/an impervious material (glass)/a person who is impervious to criticism
zinc
kezdjen tanulni
cynk, bluish-white metal, medical (Zn)
tin
kezdjen tanulni
cheap, silvery-white metal (Sn), cans, tinfoil
uranium
kezdjen tanulni
medicine, bombs, nuclear reactions
carbon dioxide
kezdjen tanulni
co2
hydrogen
kezdjen tanulni
wodór, bombs, rocket fuel
phosphorus
kezdjen tanulni
(P) glows in the dark, exposions
mercury
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rtęć, quick silver
nickel
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coins
copper
kezdjen tanulni
miedź, first metal used by people
sodium cholride
kezdjen tanulni
Nacl, salt
nitrogen
kezdjen tanulni
fertilizers, azot
copper + tin
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bronze
copper + zinc
mosiądz
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brass
iron + carbon
kezdjen tanulni
steel
lime (wapno) + clay (glina) + sand + water
kezdjen tanulni
cement
-ll- + gravel (crushed rock)
kezdjen tanulni
concrete (beton)
polystyrene
kezdjen tanulni
PVC, tiles
cord(uroy)
kezdjen tanulni
sztruks, cotton with vertical ribs
suede (uppers)
kezdjen tanulni
zamsz, velvety side, (shoes)
flannel
kezdjen tanulni
cotton + wool
feather (down) beds
down. close to skin.
kezdjen tanulni
pierze
polyurethane-foam pillows
kezdjen tanulni
?
vinyl
kezdjen tanulni
artificial leather
marble
kezdjen tanulni
expensive rock, form of lime, white with stripes?
formica
kezdjen tanulni
brand made, artificial plastic laminate, glossy and smooth
velvet
kezdjen tanulni
woven fabric of silk, nylon? thick short PILE on one side
chipboard
hardboard
kezdjen tanulni
recycled wood, pressed together harder
teak / pine / oak
kezdjen tanulni
?
cast iron
kezdjen tanulni
żeliwo, casted, pure iron
upholstery
kezdjen tanulni
cover fixed to furniture /pokrycie
enamel
kezdjen tanulni
glossy substance/protective coat
polythene
kezdjen tanulni
flexible synthetic resin - plastic bags, containers
fibreglass
kezdjen tanulni
light, resistant, synthetic (yachts)
nylon
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strong synthetic material (sheets)
tweed
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jackets, rough woolen material
leathery steak
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hard to chew
rubbery lips
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thick, fleshy
glassy look
kezdjen tanulni
static, frozen, dead, away
stony silence
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abslotute, still
a tinny soud
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metaalic, bad quality
wiry
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slim, muscular, lean
an oily rag/a greasy rag
kezdjen tanulni
tłusta szmata:3
meaty discussion
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full of content, rich
milky complexion
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very pale, smooth
a wooden actor
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bad, stiff
a grease gun
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grease dispenser
a wolly argument
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vague, confused
extensive
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large in amount and scale educational facilities/routes
spacious
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outside/garden/city
roomy
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inside/ car/house
rambling
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building/mansion
scattered
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randomly arcross a wide area
spread out
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not close to each other
ample room
kezdjen tanulni
more than enough
cramped
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small or restricted/ hotel rooms
poky
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uncomfortably small / room/flat
congested
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crowded with traffic/people congested streets
compact
kezdjen tanulni
P, tiny, compact refigerator
enough room to swing a cat
kezdjen tanulni
a lot of room;))
hemmed in by
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surrounded by people, not able to move
bustling with
kezdjen tanulni
lots of people busily moving around/
packed in like sardines
kezdjen tanulni
too many people in small space
boundary
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the edge of large space
rear (of property)
kezdjen tanulni
back
crammed into
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packed
(it can be a bit of a) squash
kezdjen tanulni
a lot of sth in small space
all his born days
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all his life
in a mo/sec/tick/less than no time/jiffy
kezdjen tanulni
very soon
for donkeys years/since the year dot
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for a long time
till the cows go home
kezdjen tanulni
for ever
in the nick of time
she turned up just in the nick of time to catch a train.
kezdjen tanulni
only just in time
to be over the hill/past it
kezdjen tanulni
to be too old
has-been
kezdjen tanulni
person who is no longer famous
in a flash/at a rate of knots
kezdjen tanulni
very quickly
fleeting
kezdjen tanulni
brief/quick - glimpse, smile, moment, visit
lenghty
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continuing for a long time - process, discussion, negotiations, delay
transient
kezdjen tanulni
lasting for a short time/in passing - effect, feeling, pleasure
persistent
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lasting for a long time/hard to get rid of/stop - cough, problems, rumor, smell, gossip
inexorable
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continuing without hope of being stopped - rise, decline, pressure, advance of time
incipient
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just beginning - panic, rage, rebellion, wrinkles, dementia
protracted
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lasting for long time/made to last longer - argument/negotiations/discussions
lingering
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taking a long time to leave or disappear - perfume, kiss, smile
prolong
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to make longer
pitch black
tar
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intently black - night/ darkness (pitch
smoła)
jet black
kezdjen tanulni
intently black - hair/eyes
scarlet
kezdjen tanulni
very bright red
crimson
kezdjen tanulni
strong deep red
ginger
kezdjen tanulni
orangey red - hair/cats
lime
kezdjen tanulni
bright yellowish green
beige
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light creamy brown
chestnut
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deep reddish brown - hair/horses
auburn
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red-brown, hair
emerald
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bright geen
ruby
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deep red
amber
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yellowy orange
sapphire
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deep blue
coral
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orangey pink
jade
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dark green
mauve
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pale purple
harsh colors
kezdjen tanulni
unpleasantly strong
vivid colors
kezdjen tanulni
strong, bright (scarlet/turquoise)
elecric
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blues/greens - extremely bright
monochrome
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only in one color/shade of/
blue collars workers
kezdjen tanulni
physical/uskilled
to see red
kezdjen tanulni
to be very angry
red carpet treatment / red letter day
kezdjen tanulni
special importance
red views
kezdjen tanulni
communists, left-wing
to look/turn green
kezdjen tanulni
nausea
to turn green with envy
kezdjen tanulni
?
black future
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without hope/depressing
to look as black as thunder
kezdjen tanulni
anger
black market/sheep of the family/mark
kezdjen tanulni
illegality/incorrectness
grey area
kezdjen tanulni
lack of clarity
grey matter/grey cells
kezdjen tanulni
brains
white as snow/whiter than white
kezdjen tanulni
purity
to be as white as a sheet
kezdjen tanulni
being pale
a white-knuckle ride
kezdjen tanulni
terrifying
white collars workers
kezdjen tanulni
office workers
archaeologist
kezdjen tanulni
person who studies the material evidence of past societies
empire
kezdjen tanulni
group of countries ruled by a single person
dynasty
kezdjen tanulni
different rulers who are all from the same family/period of time that a country is controlled by them
reigns
kezdjen tanulni
period that a king/queen/emperor rules
heirs
kezdjen tanulni
person legally entitled to continue the work of sone important who died/has the same position as they had
successors
kezdjen tanulni
person who takes over from another person
coronations
kezdjen tanulni
event when king/queen receives her crown
conquests
kezdjen tanulni
when sone/army defeats and takes over another country
peasants
kezdjen tanulni
person who works on age land and earns little, low social status
labourers
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unskilled manual work
migrations
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moving from one place to another in large numbers
interpreting whatever shreds of evidence
kezdjen tanulni
very small amounts
Bronze Age
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period when metals copper and tin began to be used to make weapons/tools
medieval times
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Middle Anges - 1000-1500AD
Renaissance
kezdjen tanulni
period of growth of interest and activity in the arts in Europe in 14-16c.
pre-colonial era
kezdjen tanulni
before Europeans arrived in large number and took power
infantry
kezdjen tanulni
soldiers on foot
cavalry
kezdjen tanulni
soldiers on horseback
(suit of) armour
kezdjen tanulni
metal protective clothing-soldiers
chariot
kezdjen tanulni
two wheeled vehicle pulled by a horse in ancient times for racing and war
galleon
kezdjen tanulni
large sailing ship/3-4 masts
warlord
kezdjen tanulni
military leader, controls a country/area within a country
merchant
kezdjen tanulni
sone who buys and sells things in large amounts/espec. by trading with other countries
monarch
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neutral term for king/queen
the nobility
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collective for highest social rank in society
last resort
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something you do when everything else has failed
diplomacy
kezdjen tanulni
activities concerning the relationships between governments
sanctions
kezdjen tanulni
official orders, such as the stopping of trade taken against a country to make it obey law
weaponry
kezdjen tanulni
weapons in general/of different types
civilian casualties
kezdjen tanulni
people killed/injured, not a part of military or police
intervention
kezdjen tanulni
intentionally becoming involved in a difficult situation to improve it or stop it from getting worse
regime change
kezdjen tanulni
changing the leader/government of country, using force
overthrow
kezdjen tanulni
remove sone from power using force
unrest
kezdjen tanulni
disagreement or fighting between groups
clashes
kezdjen tanulni
fights / arguments
ethnic
kezdjen tanulni
national or racial
escalate
kezdjen tanulni
become greater and more serious
all-out
kezdjen tanulni
complete and total
suppression
kezdjen tanulni
violent and cruel ending of the right or freedom to do something
ethnic cleansing
kezdjen tanulni
attempt to remove from a country anyone who belongs to another racial group
massacres
kezdjen tanulni
killing of large number of people
conflict resolution
kezdjen tanulni
finding a way to end conficts
mistrust
kezdjen tanulni
absence of trust
to wage war on
kezdjen tanulni
fought a war against
hostilities
kezdjen tanulni
acts of war
besieged
kezdjen tanulni
attacked by surrounding it for a period of time
ambush
kezdjen tanulni
attack unexpectedly from secret positions
truce
kezdjen tanulni
agreement during war to stop fighting for a time
ceasefire
kezdjen tanulni
agreement between armies/groups to stop fighting
peacekeeping
kezdjen tanulni
neutral soldiers, trying to hold peace in a divided society
campaign
kezdjen tanulni
planned group od military activities
observes
kezdjen tanulni
outside, neutral poeople/body
rebellion
kezdjen tanulni
people fighting against the government

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