Peace and conflict

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Conflict
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A serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
Peace
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A state of tranquility or quiet, especially in the absence of war or violence.
Negative Peace
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Absence of direct violence or war, but not necessarily the absence of structural violence.
Positive Peace
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The presence of justice, equality, and harmonious social relationships.
Structural Violence
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Systematic ways in which social structures harm or disadvantage individuals.
Direct Violence
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Physical violence such as war, assault, or murder.
Cultural Violence
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Aspects of culture that can be used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence.
Conflict Resolution
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Processes aimed at resolving a conflict through peaceful means.
Conflict Transformation
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A long-term process of addressing the underlying causes of conflict and changing relationships and structures.
Mediation
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A form of conflict resolution involving a neutral third party who helps the disputants reach a voluntary agreement.
Negotiation
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A dialogue between two or more parties intended to reach a beneficial outcome.
Peacebuilding
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Efforts to establish lasting peace by addressing root causes and effects of conflict.
Peacemaking
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Diplomatic efforts to end conflict and reach an agreement.
Peacekeeping
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The deployment of international personnel to maintain peace and security.
Nonviolence
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The use of peaceful means, not force, to bring about political or social change.
Reconciliation
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The process of restoring fractured relationships after conflict or injustice.
Genocide
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The intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
Human Rights
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Basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled.
Justice
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The fair treatment of individuals in accordance with law and equity.
Refugee
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A person who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war, or violence.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
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Someone who has been forced to flee their home but remains within their country.
Sanctions
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Penalties imposed on a country to influence its behavior.
Civil War
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A war between groups within the same country.
Terrorism
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The use of violence or threats to achieve political goals.
Post-conflict reconstruction
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Rebuilding a country after war or conflict, including infrastructure, institutions, and relationships.
Truth Commission
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A temporary body set up to investigate past human rights abuses.
Hybrid Court
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A judicial body with both national and international judges and laws.
International Humanitarian Law
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Rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict on people and property.
Arbitration
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Binding conflict resolution by a neutral third party.
Track I Diplomacy
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Official government-level negotiations.
Track II Diplomacy
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Informal and unofficial dialogue between non-state actors.
Conflict Prevention
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Measures to stop conflicts from escalating.
Disarmament
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The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons.
Demobilization
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The process of disbanding armed groups and reintegrating combatants.
Reintegration
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Helping former combatants return to civilian life.
Do No Harm
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An approach in peacebuilding that seeks to avoid unintended negative effects.
Early Warning System
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Tools and processes for predicting and preventing conflict escalation.
Gender-based Violence (GBV)
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Harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender.
Civil Resistance
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Nonviolent action taken by civilians to challenge injustice.
Social Cohesion
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The strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community.

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