kérdés  |
válasz |
Culture as "the cultivation of plants" kezdjen tanulni
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was transferred to fish or oysters in 17th century
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Culture as "production of bacteria" kezdjen tanulni
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evolved in late 19th century
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Culture as the figurative sense of "cultivation through education and systematic improvement of the mind" kezdjen tanulni
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was popular in 19th century
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Culture in learning and taste kezdjen tanulni
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makes the intellectual side of civilization
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Culture is closely connected to... kezdjen tanulni
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"collective customs and achievements of people and intellectual development."
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How many definitions of culture are there in general? kezdjen tanulni
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How many distinct themes are there in culture? kezdjen tanulni
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First distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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Second distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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Third distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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Fourth distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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Fifth distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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Sixth distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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Seventh distinct in culture: kezdjen tanulni
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What is connected to structure as a system of elements? kezdjen tanulni
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way of life, ideas, behaviour, symbol, language, social institutions, relationships etc.
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What is the function of culture? kezdjen tanulni
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It provides guide to the process of learning, adaptation to the world, survical, success in life and control over the individual groups.
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Continuous social construction of culture involves: kezdjen tanulni
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- differentiating one group from another; - relating to others; - giving life meaning and form; - dealing with social world
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kezdjen tanulni
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anything created by humans that provides information about the culture of its creator and users.
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What is defining culture in terms of improving intellect or morality? kezdjen tanulni
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instruction and moral progress
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kezdjen tanulni
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care given to development of the mind
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kezdjen tanulni
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stage of development that divides civilized from savage; study of perfection, civilization.
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What is group-membership? kezdjen tanulni
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definitions that speak of culture as a place or group of people, or that focus on belonging to such a place or group.
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How does power show in culture? kezdjen tanulni
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Power is group based and can be political/economic. Usually it refers to countries dominating over other countries or social groups dominating over other social groups.
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How does power manifest in culture? kezdjen tanulni
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Power complements culture in the sense that it enforces cultural values and norms.
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kezdjen tanulni
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Socio-cultural patterns... kezdjen tanulni
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are not inherited, in opposite to genetic qualities.
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Socio-cultural patterns are learned... kezdjen tanulni
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from family member, groups and societies people live in.
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Cultures of human beings are influenced by... kezdjen tanulni
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the physical and social environment through which they operate.
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kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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may be called culture if it is shared and believed or practised by a group of people.
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Why is culture cumulative? kezdjen tanulni
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Knowledge embodied in culture moves through generations and cummulates knowledge over time.
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kezdjen tanulni
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Because no culture remains in some permanent state forever.
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Culture is diversified but... kezdjen tanulni
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Culture is a system that has... kezdjen tanulni
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many mutually interdependent parts.
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Parts of culture are seperate but... kezdjen tanulni
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they form a unified whole.
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Two stages of socialisation: kezdjen tanulni
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primary socialisation and secondary socialisation.
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Define primary socialisation. kezdjen tanulni
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It's taking place within a family and lasts from birth until the child's participation in larger and more diverse groupings beyond the family.
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What does primary socialisation involve? kezdjen tanulni
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Elements as the acquisition of language and gendered identity.
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Define secondary socialisation. kezdjen tanulni
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It refers to all the subsequent influences that an individual experiences in a lifetime.
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Components of critical cultural studies are: kezdjen tanulni
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Production and political economy, cultural text analysis, audience reception and use of media culture
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What is production and political economy doing? kezdjen tanulni
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Analysing cultural texts within their system of production and distribution in society.
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What are culture studies? kezdjen tanulni
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Cultural studies is a multidisciplinary approach to the understanding of all dimensions of culture, from traditional notions to popular culture.
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What do cultural studies combine? kezdjen tanulni
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It combines elements of the social sciences and the humanities.
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What do cultural studies use? kezdjen tanulni
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It uses methods and theories from literary studies, film studies, game studies, art theory, philosophy, etc.
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What do cultural studies aim to? kezdjen tanulni
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It aims to look into how the issues of gender, race, sexuality, class, etc. shape the production-consumption and dissemination of culture and media.
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What are the significant issues of cultural studies? kezdjen tanulni
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an equal treatment of high and low culture
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A geographical dimension to defining cultural studies: kezdjen tanulni
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The expansion of some cultures from local/national to global and a national dimension to defining of cultural studies projects.
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Why is culture multi-discursive? kezdjen tanulni
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It includes numerous "languages".
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kezdjen tanulni
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It's regulated ways of speaking about the subject through which objects and practices aquire meaning.
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What are the examples of discourses? kezdjen tanulni
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A language of fashion, cinema, nationalism, literary criticism, video games, cultural studies etc.
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What is the key to analyse culture? kezdjen tanulni
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The key is to identify the discursive context itself and use its professional language.
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What is the cultural development of Western Europe based on? kezdjen tanulni
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Intellectual, spirtual and aesthetic factors - great religious thinkers, philosophers, etc.
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What does culture include? kezdjen tanulni
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Aesthetic factors but especially the development customs like holidays, sports, religious festivals etc.
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Christmas or youth subcultures are referred to as... kezdjen tanulni
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lived cultures or practices.
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Why is culture a social phenomenon? kezdjen tanulni
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It expresses certain meanings and values in art and learning, institutions and people's oridinary behaviour.
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kezdjen tanulni
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are not only actual texts but also practices, paintings, sculptures, soap operas, music, dances or comics.
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kezdjen tanulni
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anything that produces meaning.
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kezdjen tanulni
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To contain the possibility of a number of different meanings.
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What is Industrialisation? kezdjen tanulni
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The process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant.
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How many stages did Industrial Revolution have? kezdjen tanulni
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The dates of the first Industrial Revolution kezdjen tanulni
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The second Industrial Revolution took place in: kezdjen tanulni
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The late 19th and 20th centuries.
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kezdjen tanulni
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the method of producing goods in large quantities at relatively low cost per unit.
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Mass production can't exist without... kezdjen tanulni
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Mass production process... kezdjen tanulni
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is characterized by high volume, a highly organized flow of materials through various stages of production, careful supervision of quality standards and precise division of labour.
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kezdjen tanulni
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the transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban, industrial society.
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kezdjen tanulni
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the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.
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How did popular culture evolve chronicigally? kezdjen tanulni
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1. books 2. newspapers and magazines 3. photography 4. the cinema 5. the radio 6. recorded music 7. TV 8. the Web
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What was the first book written and when? kezdjen tanulni
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What was the first newspaper and when was it published? kezdjen tanulni
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The first magazine published and when? kezdjen tanulni
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When was telegraph invented? kezdjen tanulni
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What was the first movie and when was it published? kezdjen tanulni
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"Lumiere" in 1896 (in Bros. Cinema)
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When was the first station on air and how was it called? kezdjen tanulni
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When was the first TV Station on air and what was it? kezdjen tanulni
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When did the internet start working around? kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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from Latin popularis: "belonging to the people, general, common; devoted to or accepted by the people."
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1540's definition of popularity: kezdjen tanulni
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"of or pertaining to the people; depending on the people"
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1570's definition of popularity: kezdjen tanulni
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"suited to oridinary people, easily comprehended"
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1859's definition of popularity: kezdjen tanulni
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"low, affordable to average persons"
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1600's definition of popularity: kezdjen tanulni
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"well-liked, admired by or enjoying the favour of the people"
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The definition of popularity from 1819: kezdjen tanulni
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"favoured by people generally"
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kezdjen tanulni
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culture that is widely favoured or well liked by many people.
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Examples of high culture: kezdjen tanulni
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classical music, opera and ballet, classical literature and historical works of art and sculptures
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kezdjen tanulni
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food, entertainment, sports and shopping
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Culture is diverse and... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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involves a set of products sorted into high, low or middle positions.
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kezdjen tanulni
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was established as a widely available form of popular entertainment consumed by people of all social classes from 18th to later 19th.
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kezdjen tanulni
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became the meeting place of different social classes in society.
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Opera was transformed from... kezdjen tanulni
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popular entertainment into high culture.
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kezdjen tanulni
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mass-produced for mass consumption.
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Who is the audience of commercial culture? kezdjen tanulni
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What are the main characteristics of commerical culture? kezdjen tanulni
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It's imitative and manipulative.
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Commercial culture is connected to... kezdjen tanulni
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Americanization of global culture.
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Examples of cultural imperialism: kezdjen tanulni
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The Disney entertainment outside the US, the spread of American-English, the globalization of US mass production models and systems.
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Popular culture originates from... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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a culture of the people for the people.
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Examples of folk culture in Poland: kezdjen tanulni
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Folk culture is not always authentic because... kezdjen tanulni
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oscypek is produced from cow's milk when it should be from sheep's milk and ciupaga's are mostly made in China.
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Popular culture is a struggle between... kezdjen tanulni
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originality/opposition and commercialism/conformity
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Reggae originally comes from... kezdjen tanulni
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poor black or Jamaican people.
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kezdjen tanulni
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spiritual, talks about serious problems, is revolutionary and original.
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Reagge mixed into white people's culture is... kezdjen tanulni
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materialistic, conformist, capitalist and mainstream.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a culture in which the distinction between "high" and "low" culture seems less and less important.
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Postmodern popular culture blends... kezdjen tanulni
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the authentic with commercial.
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kezdjen tanulni
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creates parody of reality, is full of comic book style violence, involves drugs, racism and references to the past.
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Tarantino's films split into... kezdjen tanulni
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non-chronological sections with discontinuity.
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Deconstruction of most popular film genres are... kezdjen tanulni
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western, kung-fu, gangster, pulp ficition, etc.
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kezdjen tanulni
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quotations from and references to various cultural texts from the history of the cinema, literature, pop music, etc.
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In 1948 there was a vinyl record introduced... kezdjen tanulni
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by CBS, 33 1/3-rpm, 23 minutes on each side.
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In 1950 there was a vinyl developed... kezdjen tanulni
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by RCA, 45-rpm, 5 minutes per side (best for jukeboxes).
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kezdjen tanulni
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reached an agreement and the 45 became the standard for singles.
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Reel-to-reel systems were developed in... kezdjen tanulni
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Reel-to-reel tape recorders became... kezdjen tanulni
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the main recording format used by professional recording studios until the late 1980s.
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A recorded perfomance can be... kezdjen tanulni
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edited or erased and re-recorded again on the same piece of media.
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The first compact cassette was made in... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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gave an ability to carry music everywhere, created a market for prerecorded cassettes and gave ability to record songs from the radio.
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The compact disc was co-developed by... kezdjen tanulni
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Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings.
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The first CD was commercially released... kezdjen tanulni
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The MP3 file format was developed in... kezdjen tanulni
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Napster's free file-sharing service became available on the internet in... kezdjen tanulni
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The Napster shut down in... kezdjen tanulni
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P2P systems such as Grokster, LimeWire, Kazaa, eDonkey were enabled... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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shifting from ownership of music to access to music.
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kezdjen tanulni
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gives instant access to millions of songs on demand via Internet.
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Popular music streaming platforms are: kezdjen tanulni
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Spotify, Apple Music, Tidal, Deezer, SoundCloud, YT Music etc.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a business situation in which a few firms control most of an industry's production and distribution resources.
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3 major global companies of music industry are... kezdjen tanulni
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Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group.
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Music companies control about... kezdjen tanulni
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65% of the recording industry market in the US.
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Independent record labels are... kezdjen tanulni
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companies that work outside olgiopolies: they produce less mainstream music and film.
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kezdjen tanulni
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is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world.
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The Frankfurt School was founded... kezdjen tanulni
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The Frankfurt School moved to... kezdjen tanulni
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United States to NYC after 1933.
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Most prominent figures of Critical Theorists were: kezdjen tanulni
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Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin.
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"Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" is... kezdjen tanulni
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a chapter in Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's book "Dialectic of Enlightenment".
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Products of the culture economy are dependent on industry and economy... kezdjen tanulni
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which means they are related to the interests of money and power.
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Basic focus of culture industry was... kezdjen tanulni
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being idustrialised and commercialised under a capitalist system.
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The Frankfurt School attempted to show... kezdjen tanulni
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a parallel between cultural texts and other products that were mass produced.
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All products of the culture industry are designed for... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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an item whose prime purpose is sale in the market place.
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Every work of art is turned into... kezdjen tanulni
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Culture industry uses a... kezdjen tanulni
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production-line mentality in producing cultural products imitating the socioeconomic cycle of capitalist system.
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Films and TV shows we watch follow... kezdjen tanulni
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the same recycled formulas.
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Homogeneity states that... kezdjen tanulni
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all mass culture is identical.
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In consumers goods there are... kezdjen tanulni
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several variations of the same thing.
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All products produced under the same scheme are... kezdjen tanulni
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"readable" and easily consumed.
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kezdjen tanulni
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makes things seem different when they are several variations of the same thing.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a glaring example of culture industry phenomenon.
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kezdjen tanulni
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endless stream of movies.
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kezdjen tanulni
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nobody has to use intellect to understand the movie.
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Film companies & streaming services... kezdjen tanulni
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spend enormous money promoting "bigger better" films, new bands, a new star etc.
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Structural uniformity is... kezdjen tanulni
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the "really meaningful content" of the film or series.
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Culture industries provide... kezdjen tanulni
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"a false fulfilment of wish-dreams" like wealth, adventure, passionate love, power and sensationalism in general.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a product of media industries.
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Culture manufacturing contains of... kezdjen tanulni
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language, religion, fashion, food habits, education, TV shows, etc.
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Expansions in education... kezdjen tanulni
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created greater space between youth and adult responsibilities.
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Juvenile delinquency and generational rebellion... kezdjen tanulni
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became social issues drawing public attention.
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An expanding middle class and more affluent working class... kezdjen tanulni
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led to greater disposable income and leisure time.
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Culture industries came to see "teenagers" as... kezdjen tanulni
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a leisure class and significant consumers.
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The growth of film, television, music, street fashion... kezdjen tanulni
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increased youths exposure to pop culture and alternative ideas.
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Working-class youth form and join subcultures because of... kezdjen tanulni
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their marginalization from and resistance to the class structure.
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kezdjen tanulni
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primarily working class phenomena, an imitation of the class struggle in society.
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Capitalist society produces... kezdjen tanulni
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economic exploitation, domination and cultural dominantion.
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Young people take and transform cultural texts as... kezdjen tanulni
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Youth subcultures express... kezdjen tanulni
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opposition to the generation gap.
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kezdjen tanulni
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Resistance is expressed through... kezdjen tanulni
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style/symbolic rituals or violence and protests.
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The main elements of subcultural style are: kezdjen tanulni
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image, visible manifestations or behaviour, argot (slang), particular music, visible signs of subcultural history, use of substances and violence.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a combination and transformation of various cultural objects.
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kezdjen tanulni
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the symbolic fit between the values and lifestyles of a group.
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kezdjen tanulni
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reflects chaos/nonsense of modern world.
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kezdjen tanulni
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are steel-toed boots, shaved heads, masculine posturing.
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kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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Late 1660s and early 1970s subculture was... kezdjen tanulni
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Middle 1970s subculture was... kezdjen tanulni
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Late 1970s and early 1980s subculture was... kezdjen tanulni
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Early 1980s subculture was... kezdjen tanulni
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Another early 1980s subculture was... kezdjen tanulni
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The skinhead value system and style... kezdjen tanulni
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mixed the white Englush working class and culture of black Jamaican imigrants.
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The Rude Boys derived from... kezdjen tanulni
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dissatisfaction, poverty, rising unemployment and overpopulation of Kingston.
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The rude boy style included... kezdjen tanulni
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short cropped hair, a porkpie hat and shiny suits made from the raw materials of the Caribbean.
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kezdjen tanulni
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an exotic dialect known as patois.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a style of Jamaican popular music that surfaced in the early 1960s.
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Skinhead aggro was based on... kezdjen tanulni
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being aggressive and violent towards Asians, homosexuals and Hippies.
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kezdjen tanulni
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Levis/Lee/Wrangler jeans, braces, polo shirts, tattoos, blue-beat hats and Harrington jackets.
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The four main cultural types of skinheads: kezdjen tanulni
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traditional, neo-Nazi, SHARP, gay
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Female skinheads haircuts... kezdjen tanulni
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are known as Chelsea, the fringe or feathercut.
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kezdjen tanulni
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mosty white interpretation of Jamaican ska combined with elements of punk rock and new wave.
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kezdjen tanulni
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began to emerge as skinhead identity marker in England in the late 1970s.
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Subculturists share a degree of... kezdjen tanulni
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Post-subcultural generation... kezdjen tanulni
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blended all sorts of music and fashion.
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EDM and dance cultures appeared in... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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all-night electronic dance music parties fuelled by drugs such as ecstasy.
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Subcultural participation is now... kezdjen tanulni
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kezdjen tanulni
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usually followed by a slogan.
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kezdjen tanulni
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are based on visual style.
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kezdjen tanulni
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a particular visual aesthetic.
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kezdjen tanulni
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are shown through the websites. Mostly illegal ones.
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kezdjen tanulni
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the use of social sience techniques to asses the behaviours and attitudes of consumers toward particular products before any ads are created.
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famous-person testimonial kezdjen tanulni
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an advertising strategy that associates a product with the support of a well-known person.
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kezdjen tanulni
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anadvertising strategy that associates a product with simplicity and the common person;
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kezdjen tanulni
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an advertising strategy that attempts to convince consumers that using a product will enable them to maintain or elevate their social status;
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kezdjen tanulni
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an advertising strategy that uses exaggerated claims that everyone is using a particular product to encourage consumers to not be left behind;
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kezdjen tanulni
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anadvertising strategy that plays on a sense of insecurity, trying to persuade consumers that only a specific product can offer relief/solution;
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kezdjen tanulni
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a persuasive technique that associates a product with some cultural value or image that has a positive connotation but may have little connection to the actual product;
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kezdjen tanulni
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small advertisements on certain websites (usually related to selling and buying sth), e.g. those on the ebay, allegro, etc.
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kezdjen tanulni
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- unwanted commercial e-mail;
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kezdjen tanulni
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the printlike display ads that load across the top or side of a Web page in the 1990s:
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kezdjen tanulni
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enable users to stream live video content over the internet rather than through cable or satellite
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kezdjen tanulni
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employ all platforms (internet, cable, satellite) based on the service provider's preference
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kezdjen tanulni
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streaming popular shows from the past (now often from the 1980s and 1990s - Friends, The Office
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kezdjen tanulni
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acollection of media products in which several derivative works have been developed in response to the popularization of an original creative work and the commercial exploitation of such through licensing agreements.
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kezdjen tanulni
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the merging of different types of mass media such as traditional media, print media, broadcast media, new media and the Internet as well as portable and highly interactive technologies through digital media platforms;
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